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<title>Utility software</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Utility software</span></span>

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<p><b>Utility software</b> is a program specifically designed to help manage and tune system (optimization) or application software. It is used to support the computer <a href="Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> - in contrast to <a href="Application_software" title="Application software">application software</a>, which is aimed at directly performing tasks that benefit ordinary users. However, utilities often form part of the application <em>systems</em>. For example, a <a href="Batch_job" class="mw-redirect" title="Batch job">batch job</a> may run user-written code to update a database and may then include a step that runs a utility to back up the database, or a job may run a utility to compress a disk before copying files.

</p><p>Although a basic set of utility programs is usually distributed with an <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS), and this first party utility software is often considered part of the operating system, users often install replacements or additional utilities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those utilities may provide additional facilities to carry out tasks that are beyond the capabilities of the operating system.

</p><p>Many utilities that might affect the entire computer system require the user to have elevated <a href="Privilege_(computing)" title="Privilege (computing)">privileges</a>, while others that operate only on the user's data do not.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_utilities">System utilities</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Anti-virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-virus">Anti-virus</a> utilities scan for computer viruses and block or remove them.</li>

<li><a href="Clipboard_manager" title="Clipboard manager">Clipboard managers</a> expand the <a href="Clipboard_(computing)" title="Clipboard (computing)">clipboard</a> functionality of an operating system.</li>

<li><a href="Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Computer access control</a> software grants or denies requests for access to system resources.</li>

<li><a href="Debugger" title="Debugger">Debuggers</a> typically permit the examination and modification of data and program instructions in memory and on disk.</li>

<li><a href="Diagnostic_program" title="Diagnostic program">Diagnostic programs</a> determine and report the operational status of computer hardware and software. <a href="Memory_tester" title="Memory tester">Memory testers</a> are one example.</li>

<li><a href="Network_utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Network utilities">Network utilities</a> analyze the computer's network connectivity, configure network settings, check data transfer or log events.</li>

<li><a href="Package_manager" title="Package manager">Package managers</a> are used to configure, install or keep up to date other software on a computer.</li>

<li><a href="Registry_cleaner" title="Registry cleaner">Registry cleaners</a> clean and optimize the <a href="Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Windows Registry</a> by removing old registry keys that are no longer in use.</li>

<li><a href="System_monitor" title="System monitor">System monitors</a> monitor resources and performance in a computer system.</li>

<li><a href="System_profiler" title="System profiler">System profilers</a> provide detailed information about installed software and hardware.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage_device_management_utilities">Storage device management utilities</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Backup_software" title="Backup software">Backup software</a> makes copies of all information stored on a disk and restores either the entire disk (aka <a href="Disk_cloning" title="Disk cloning">Disk cloning</a>) in an event of <a href="Hard_disk_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk failure">disk failure</a> or selected files that are accidentally deleted or corrupted. <a href="Undeletion" title="Undeletion">Undeletion</a> utilities are sometimes more convenient.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_checker" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk checker">Disk checkers</a> scan an operating hard drive and check for logical (filesystem) or physical errors.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_compression" title="Disk compression">Disk compression</a> utilities transparently <a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">compress</a>/uncompress the contents of a disk, increasing the capacity of the disk.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_defragmenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk defragmenter">Disk defragmenters</a> detect <a href="Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer files</a> whose contents are scattered across several locations on the <a href="Hard_disk" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a> and collect the fragments into one contiguous area.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_formatting" title="Disk formatting">Disk formatters</a> prepare a data storage device such as a hard disk, solid-state drive, floppy disk or USB flash drive for initial use. These are often used to permanently erase an entire device.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Disk partition editors</a> divide an individual drive into multiple logical drives, each with its own file system which can be mounted by the operating system and treated as an individual drive.</li>

<li><a href="Disk_space_analyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk space analyzer">Disk space analyzers</a> provide a visualization of disk space usage by getting the size for each folder (including sub folders) and files in folder or drive. showing the distribution of the used space.</li>

<li>Tape initializers write a <a href="Tape_label" title="Tape label">label</a> to a <a href="Magnetic_tape" title="Magnetic tape">magnetic tape</a> or other magnetic medium. Initializers for <a href="DECtape" title="DECtape">DECtape</a> format the tape into blocks.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_management_utilities">File management utilities</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="File_archiver" title="File archiver">Archivers</a> output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files. Archive <i>suites</i> may include compression and encryption capabilities. Some archive utilities have a separate un-archive utility for the reverse operation. One nearly universal type of archive file format is the <a href="Zip_(file_format)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zip (file format)">zip file</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Filesystem-level_encryption" title="Filesystem-level encryption">Cryptographic</a> utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.</li>

<li><a href="Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> utilities output a shorter stream or a smaller file when provided with a stream or file.</li>

<li><a href="Data_conversion" title="Data conversion">Data conversion</a> utilities transform data from a source file to some other format, such as from a text file to a <a href="PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> document.</li>

<li><a href="Data_recovery" title="Data recovery">Data recovery</a> utilities are used to rescue good data from corrupted files.</li>

<li><a href="Data_synchronization" title="Data synchronization">Data synchronization</a> utilities establish consistency among data from a source to a target data storage and vice versa. There are several branches of this type of utility:

<ul><li><a href="File_synchronization" title="File synchronization">File synchronization</a> utilities maintain consistency between two sources. They may be used to create redundancy or backup copies but are also used to help users carry their digital music, photos and video in their <a href="Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Revision_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Revision control">Revision control</a> utilities can recreate a coherent structure where multiple users simultaneously modify the same file.</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Disk_cleaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk cleaner">Disk cleaners</a> find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up considerable amounts of space.</li>

<li><a href="File_comparison" title="File comparison">File comparison</a> utilities provide a standalone capability to detect differences between files.</li>

<li><a href="File_manager" title="File manager">File managers</a> provide a convenient method of performing routine data management, email recovery and management tasks, such as deleting, renaming, cataloging, uncataloging, moving, copying, merging, setting write protection status, setting file access permissions, generating and modifying folders and data sets.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Miscellaneous_utilities">Miscellaneous utilities</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Test_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Test generation">Data generators</a> (e.g. <a href="Support_programs_for_OS/360_and_successors#IEBDG" title="Support programs for OS/360 and successors">IEBDG</a>) create a file of test data according to specified patterns.</li>

<li><a href="Hex_editor" title="Hex editor">Hex (or octal) editors</a> directly modify the text or data of a file without regard to file format. These files can be data or programs.</li>

<li><a href="HTML_checker" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML checker">HTML checkers</a> validate <a href="HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> code and check links.</li>

<li><a href="Installation_(computer_programs)" title="Installation (computer programs)">Installation</a> or setup utilities are used to initialize or <a href="Configure_script" title="Configure script">configure</a> programs, usually applications programs, for use in a specific computer environment. There are also <a href="Uninstaller" title="Uninstaller">Uninstallers</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Patch_(computing)" title="Patch (computing)">Patching</a> utilities perform alterations of files, especially object programs when program source is unavailable.</li>

<li><a href="Screensaver" title="Screensaver">Screensavers</a> prevent <a href="Phosphor_burn-in" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphor burn-in">phosphor burn-in</a> on <a href="Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> and plasma <a href="Computer_monitor" title="Computer monitor">computer monitors</a>.</li>

<li><a href="Sorting#Sort/Merge" title="Sorting">Sort/Merge programs</a> arrange records (lines) of a file into a specified sequence.</li>

<li><a href="Macro_recorder#Standalone_macro_recorders" title="Macro recorder">Standalone macro recorders</a> permit use of keyboard macros in programs that do not natively support such a feature.</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_macOS_built-in_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="List of macOS built-in apps">List of macOS built-in apps</a></li>

<li><a href="Support_programs_for_OS/360_and_successors" title="Support programs for OS/360 and successors">Support programs for OS/360 and successors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Unix_commands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Unix commands">List of Unix commands</a></li>

<li><a href="Kdeutils" class="mw-redirect" title="Kdeutils">List of KDE utilities</a></li>

<li><a href="Batch_file" title="Batch file">Batch file</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell script</a></li>

<li><a href="System_software" title="System software">System software</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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